Abstract auto parts production is the basis of vehicle production. Without a strong supporting parts industry as the auto industry is bound to be fragile. Currently, parts enterprises tend to integrated, modular, systematic and vehicle manufacturers supporting China's auto parts industry will be stronger, bigger, not only related to whether we can keep up with world auto parts industry the development of rhythm, but is also related to the development of China's automobile industry orientation of the development of this process in the choice of mode will undoubtedly play a crucial role.

     Key words automobile sector enterprise development model cars

     Automobile manufacturing related to spare parts, such as cars or even hundreds of thousands of manufacturing factories, if the vehicle manufacturers and parts production enterprises are not a scientific specialization and collaboration system, and there is no effective competition and cooperation in the coordination mechanisms, the overall development of the automobile industry is inevitable and low quality. Currently, parts enterprises tend to integrated, modular, systematic and vehicle manufacturers supporting, and how to protect a limited period to make full use of the rules, auto parts industry will be stronger, bigger, not only that we can keep up with world auto parts industry's development rhythm, but is also related to the development of China's automobile industry orientation of the development of this process in the choice of mode will undoubtedly play a crucial role.

     1, China's auto parts industry development model status

     China's auto parts industry structure model of development, and experienced the following stages:

     The first is business as a vehicle parts manufacturers "proxy" for all their vehicle manufacturers;

     This was followed by the gradual independence, and began to plan for other vehicle manufacturers to provide services;

     Then with the vehicle manufacturers will develop in parallel with its own independent market;

     Finally, there is some parts enterprises start of the transitional vehicle to advance the development stage.

     After decades of development, and domestic auto parts industry has become a vehicle with the close of business relations at the core, the shape similar to the mainstream industry structure model. This model, the target for vehicle production enterprises, the target field were: First Central enterprises as the core components, the core components of the general business enterprises directly under the vehicle by professional plant and a wholly owned subsidiary, vehicle assembly plant with the core components of the enterprise's complete control of the second ring as the backbone parts enterprises which are relatively independent of the legal personality of its production activities should be subordinated to the overall deployment of the vehicle assembly plant, is the vehicle through shareholding enterprises generally, Holding the control, management of spare parts backbone enterprises; Central is the third collaboration enterprises, enterprises and vehicle-enterprise collaboration between the procurement and supply contract and the beginning of the year is generally determined between the two plans, and then click implementation of the plan. At the same time parts of the enterprise space vehicle manufacturers around the layout is relatively concentrated. Shanghai and its neighboring areas such as the auto parts enterprises mainly for Shanghai Volkswagen, GM matching, Jilin, and other regions around the FAW main components supporting enterprises. 

    At different levels in this industry structure model, the core layer components enterprises are often on a production vehicle model, thus a single product variety, larger, and can be technical and vehicle manufacturers management support, at the initial stage, the general development trend better, but this kind of vehicle spare parts business-to the dependence of large enterprises, the market and technology development, marketing and service, attention and insufficient input, resulting in the latter part of the development of fatigue and the outside parts of the backbone enterprises and cooperative enterprises, as divorced from vehicle to vehicle at the core of the Automotive Group, on the one hand it is very difficult with the core components of the enterprise competition, while in the technology and management can not be whole to the support of enterprises, leading to the early development very difficult, once these enterprises out of the difficult period early in the market competition will gradually come to the fore under temper.

     2, foreign auto parts industry Mode

   (1) Japan's automobile parts industry analysis model

     Japan's auto industry developed rapidly from 1955 to 1980 reached 11.042 million annually, more than the United States has become the world's largest car producer, and maintain 14 years. Japan's auto industry to a relatively small-scale production enterprises with a large quantity of high-quality vehicles, parts and components industry and its unique organizational structure models have great relations is based on the Japanese auto industry created a lean production methods, and timely production system , inventory management, as well as billboards, such as the management of the mythical miracle.

     Japanese auto parts enterprises large number of varying scale, in order to parts of this huge industrial organizations, and Japanese enterprises to adopt a multi-level contracting system, in accordance with the integrated parts, components and slightly processing portfolio three kinds of simple processing components, will be zero component parts enterprises into a business, the second and third parts enterprises parts enterprises, followed by layers of subcontractors, will be the final components enterprises at all levels to focus on vehicle parts manufacturers for assembly, a multi-storey interactive pyramid vertical, to the division of labour based on cooperation between subcontract model. This model, the Japanese parts industry formed a large-scale enterprises as the backbone to absorb a large number of SMEs to participate in the extensive collaboration networks, vehicle manufacturers and automotive components manufacturers a stable and close relations, in particular a collaboration with enterprises specific vehicle between enterprises will be maintained long-term and stable trade relations, while enterprises are generally vehicle parts and components to two enterprises "double" orders, in order to improve competition in technology and quality parts, and reduce costs. This kind of cooperation and competition system for the enterprise components of the systemization, modular, integrated development, but also promoted the development of the automobile industry as a whole

     (2) Europe and the US auto parts industry structure model analysis

     ¢Ù to Germany as representative of the European model

     Germany, as the representative of the European model, vehicle spare parts business enterprises and between independent of each other contractual relations, the development of their own independence and freedom, enterprises can be used vehicle parts business to tender drawings, parts and components to enterprises by drawing Production at the same time spare parts enterprises will be free to develop new products for vehicle businesses to choose and realize their own development, and promote competition in the development of the automotive industry.

     ¢Ú the American model

     United States automotive components industry structure model has experienced three major changes: First, in the 1980s before the Big Three auto companies and parts between enterprises is a simple "horizontal division of labor" system, a model hinder parts enterprises in product development, technical innovation, production process in the initiative, at the same time causing a waste of resources and greatly reduce the United States to the global competitiveness of the automotive industry, followed by the automobile industry in the time lost to the top position in the world after the United States made a car parts industry to adjust the structure of organizations, and strengthen the external supply of parts and components, and spare parts for cars to adjust the division of labor and cooperation enterprises, enterprises set a good vehicle parts specifications can be given to dozens of potential bidders, such parts competition among enterprises can well be imagined at the same time spare parts and vehicles between enterprises enterprise bargaining unusually fierce competition. In this freedom of choice mode, forcing parts enterprises improve technology, enhance the management level. This model has increased competition, but also consumes a great deal of resources to 20 since the 1990s, the United States on the automotive components industry structure model again for the third time adjustments, will be transformed into enterprises and parts manufacturers complete vehicle deal with the relationship between the parts and components business in addition to vehicle manufacturers to suppliers, but also suppliers to the global automotive market, and ultimately creating a world-class production of parts and components group. As in 1994, General Motors Corp. parts division will be separated from the mother, set up a Delphi Automotive Systems, Inc., the global market-oriented operation, Delphi company on the basis of the chassis systems, electrical systems, steering systems, and other systems to integrate its six business, and develop the world's first auto parts enterprise groups.

     3, China's auto parts industry model of development direction

     For China's auto parts industry and the automotive industry developed rapidly, the choice of models is a key issue.

Throughout Europe and the United States on auto parts industry structure model, just two basic models: First, the lease-based mode of competition and the other based on a cooperation model based on the subcontract. Mode of selection should not only take into account the stage of development of China's automobile industry, vehicle spare parts and the geographical distribution of companies facing global economic integration and political competition, and other economic factors, taking into account the country's social and cultural environment. According to China's auto industry and the course of development of our country's social and cultural environment, China's auto parts industry structure model of cooperation should be chosen based on the model for the development of subcontracting direction, and this may to many small-scale domestic auto parts enterprises go professional of the path of development. Specifically in the implementation process should do the following:


     (1) Breaking "Parochialism", a global competition for ideas

     World Automotive Industry pattern is undergoing changes, with a new round of mergers and restructuring, vehicle spare parts and oligopolistic situation has been significant clues. Vehicle and parts of the enterprises should be both competitive and cooperative formed strategic alliances has become the concept of consensus "best procurement principles" as the basis of global sourcing is becoming a vehicle commonly used by business enterprises; modular, systematic and the building blocks of production and management will ultimately make automobile manufacturing industry as "packaging labeling works." In future, cars and spare parts enterprises specialized division of labor will become more clear, namely, the development of vehicle models enterprises engage in the design, building blocks and do-brand vehicle assembly; components enterprises are responsible for parts of modular, systematic design and development manufacturing. Therefore, China's parts industry, we must foster a global competition for ideas, concepts, and comply with the world trend of the development of the car, breaking the "Parochialism" and the "large and comprehensive" and "small and self-contained," the traditional thinking in the form as soon as possible in a monopoly position in the domestic parts enterprises or enterprise groups, only in a monopoly position in the country, the international community will it be possible to become an oligopoly in one.

     (2) integration of industries, powerful combination of automotive systems company formed

     Accelerate the pace of industry consolidation, some parts will be produced from a number of "versatile" stripping out the auto companies at the same time, achieve powerful combination. A number of components to be the strongest joint enterprises, in order to assets as the link for reorganization, merger, shares, issuing new shares, targeted cash and shares as well as leasing and operation of capital, assets, optimizing the distribution of resources, the creation of a truly sense of the Enterprise Group.

     Powerful combination is definitely not "the star" of the combination, and should be "fusion" of the portfolio. Many small businesses simply added together, "disunity" mass is meaningless. China's parts should be made as soon as possible ahead of the industrial development in the vehicle, the emergence of a "carrier" as the core of the Joint Fleet and the "Small Giant," the coexistence of industry structure.

     (3) the gradual formation of vehicle and spare parts for the interests of the Community

     In the automobile industry in the development of vehicle and spare parts business is actually a community of interests, strong brand cars enterprises depends on the technology and management of advanced, reliable, cost-parts business support; at the same time a powerful vehicle brand it can be adopted for the sale of spare parts enterprises assure stable market. Therefore, it is a coexistence between the relationship between the common prosperity, only mutual progress will be common development.

     (4) market adjustment and macro-control policies at the same time and use

     In the current development of China's market economy, enterprises are the mainstay of the market economy, market regulation as a market economy under the regulation of the business sector-led forces, but this certainly does not mean that the Government in regulating the market economy inaction. On the contrary, China's development in the current process in the automotive industry, the need for the state macro-control will be combined with market regulation.

     First of all, the state should focus on the automotive industry and the characteristics of China's national conditions, and promote the development of the industrial structure adjustment, and powerful combination of policies and regulations, a clear separation body parts from the vehicle standards, principles and requirements, while parts enterprises bigger , and stronger process, in technology development, R & D and technological innovation, enterprise scale, development potential to make some operational aspects of the policies and regulations to guide parts and components industry specialization and systematic development.

Secondly, should also implement mergers, and restructuring of enterprises parts special preferential policies, the greater the size, the higher the efficiency of spare parts enterprises in the merger enjoy preferential policies should be more obvious, in the market and make full use of macro-regulation control means, to speed up the auto parts industry stronger, bigger goals.